PEOPLE

Top 10 Miss India Winners of All Time

Article on Top 10 Miss India winners. List of the 10 best Miss India pageant winners of all time. Includes Leela naidu, reita faria, zeenat aman, juhi chawla, madhu sapre, sushmita sen, aishwarya rai, diana hayden, lara dutta, priyanka chopra.

irls who have won the coveted title have gone on to live glamorous lives with most of them opting for modelling or acting. We bring forth the list of the Top 10 Miss India winners of all time who were better, in one way or the other, than all the other winners.

1. Leela Naidu

The beautiful Leela Naidu won the Miss India title in the year 1954. She featured in the list of the "World's Ten Most Beautiful Women" as named by Vogue magazine. She starred in a few Hindi and English films and passed away in the year 2009.

2. Rita Faria

Rita Faria was the first Indian woman to bring home the Miss World Crown in 1966. However after the completion of her one year tenure asMiss World, she refused all modelling and film offers and opted, instead, for medical studies.

3. Zeenat Aman

Actress Zeenat Aman found fame after being declared the second runner up in the Miss India contest.She was later crowned Miss Asia Pacific in 1970. Aman, then, embarked on a journey of modelling and films and was one of those actresses who helped change the perception of Indian women as meek and submissive in the country.

4. Juhi Chawla

Juhi Chawla won the Miss India crown in 1984 and she is considered to be one of the finest of the lot. Juhi moved to a filmy career, during which, she captured the imagination of millions of fans.

5. Madhu Sapre

Madhu Sapre came close to winning the Miss Universe crown in1992 but she claims she could not do so because she wasn't politically correct and or proficient in English. She was crowned the second runner up and Madhu went on to become one of the most bold and iconic model India had ever seen.

6. Sushmita Sen

Sushmita Sen was the woman who ended India's drought at the Miss Universe contest in the year 1994. The first Indian to win the title, Sush was a cut above the rest from the very start. She not only established herself as an actress but also showed her mettle as a woman by single-handedly taking care of her two adopted daughters.

7. Aishwarya Rai

Aishwarya Rai was the second woman to win the Miss World crown. After coming second to Sushmita Sen in the Miss India contest, Ash did not let that happen again and brought the title home. Today, Ash is one of the most recognized Indian faces on the global platform and has lived yp to her title of being a 'Miss World'.

8. Diana Hayden

Diana can be termed as one of the most charming Miss India winners with her perfect poise andcrisp diction. She was also the only Miss World contestant to score a hattrick at the Miss World contest in 1997- Miss Photogenic, Miss Beachwear and Miss World.

9. Lara Dutta

Lara Dutta is the only other woman after Sushmita Sen to win the Miss Universe title. Lara won the title in the year 2000. She is, today, an actress, a producer and a very supportive wife to husband Mahesh Bhupathi.

10. Priyanka Chopra

Priyanka was the last Indian who won the Miss World title. Its been over ten years that India has returned empty handed from the international contests. Priyanka has created a niche for herself in the industry with spectacular performances in various films. At present, she is ruling the roost in Bollywood as she is amongst the top actresses. (MensXP.com)

Courtesy: http://in.lifestyle.yahoo.com/people/10-miss-india-winners-time-article-ilmx.html

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln on Success and Failure

22NOV

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States

“My great concern is not whether you have failed, but whether you are content with your failure.” – Abraham Lincoln

Failure can either break us or make us. Those broken by failure are haunted by unpleasant memories. These memories are like shadows that lurk in front, behind, beside, beneath and above. It is also a cage that traps the mind, preventing it to entertain possibilities of freedom and success. They are convinced that they cannot do it; therefore, they will not try.

For those that failure could not break are those who became made “men.” Failure to them is not a ghost, but a friend who taught them well. It is also a stepping stone to wisdom. These men and women are convinced that true failure only happens when one gives up.

History has been kind to President Abraham Lincoln. He has been painted as probably the greatest president of the United States of America. It is the good thing that history also recorded his failures. It reflected his frail humanity but also showed his attitude of never giving up.

These failures could not stop him, he kept moving forward. The following is a short list of his ups and downs and ups.

*1831 – Failed in business

1832 – Defeated for legislature

1833 – Again failed in business

1834 – Elected to legislature

1835 – Sweetheart died

1836 – Had a nervous breakdown

1838 – Defeated for speaker

1840 – Defeated for elector

1843 – Defeated for Congress

1846 – Elected for Congress

1848 – Defeated for Congress

1855 – Defeated for Senate

1856 – Defeated for Vice-President

1858 – Defeated for Senate

1860 – ELECTED PRESIDENT

He experienced defeat more than twice, but that did not mean he was a failure. Remember, that failures are only permanent if we stop trying. I believe the only real failure is the failure not to move on.

———————————————————————————————-

the only way

to deal with failure

is to learn from it

and move on

———————————————————————————————-

Brix, an acquaintance of mine, narrated his adventure in climbing Pico de Loro, a mountain that spans parts of Cavite and Batangas, Philippines. He said that he was exhausted and was about to give up. He told the guide that he wanted to go down. But the guide said that he was only a few more steps from the peak.

What a waste of effort if he gave up. But his efforts were rewarded by the view and by the lesson. Now he can’t stop talking about the experience.

A breakthrough may just be a few steps away. What a pity for those of us who would stop moving on. As far as I am concerned, the only way to deal with failure is to learn from it and move on.

Abraham Lincoln experienced both success and failure in his lifetime.  But the end result for Mr. Lincoln was that he became president and through his influence, was able to defend the constitution by winning the civil war, and was able to free slaves in certain states through the Emancipation Proclamation.

He even tried to give voting rights to the African-American people for which he was assassinated. He has been long gone yet he is remembered dearly by all who read about his story. His very name is a legacy of success!

What would be your end result? You may not know everything but you can determine your attitude to failure. You can either allow it to break you or allow it to make you. Your call!

By Ed Pilapil Jr. © 

*Source: Paul Lee Tan, (ed.), Encyclopedia of 7700 Illustrations, (Rockville, MD: Assurance Publishers, 1979)

Some useful Shortcut Abbreviations commonly used for chat

#

24/7

Twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week

411

Information

A

AFAIK	As far as I know
AFK	Away from keyboard
AIM	AOL Instant Messenger
AKA	Also known as
AM	Antemeridian
AOL	America Online
ASAP	As soon as possible
ASL	Age, sex, location

B

b/c	Because
B/W	Between
b4	Before
BBIAB	Be back in a bit
BBL	Be back later
BCC	Blind carbon copy
bf	Boyfriend
BFF	Best friends forever
BFN	Bye for now
BOT	Back on topic
BRB	Be right back
BTW	By the way

C

CC	Carbon copy
CTN	Can't talk now
cya	See ya
CYE	Check your e-mail

D

DIY	Do it yourself
DL	Download

E

ETA	Estimated time of arrival

F

f	Female
FAQ	Frequently Asked Questions
fb	Facebook
FUBAR	Fouled up beyond all recognition
FWIW	For what it's worth
FYI	For your information

G

gb	Goodbye
gf	Girlfriend
GG	Good game
GJ	Good job
GL	Good luck
gr8	Great
GTG	Got to go

H

HOAS	Hold on a second
HTH	Hope this helps
hw	Homework

I

IAC	In any case
IC	I see
IDK	I don't know
IIRC	If I remember correctly
IM	Instant Message
IMO	In my opinion
IRT	In regards to

J

J/K	Just kidding

K

K

OK

L

L8	Late
L8R	Later
LMK	Let me know
LOL	Laughing out loud

M

m	Male
MMB	Message me back
MMO	Masively Multiplayer Online
msg	Message
MYOB	Mind your own business

N

N/A	Not Available
NC	No comment
ne1	Anyone
NM	Not much
NP	No problem
NTN	No thanks needed

O

OMG	Oh my gosh
OT	Off topic

P

PHAT	Pretty hot and tempting
PK	Player Kill
pls	Please
PM	Postmeridian
POS	Parent over shoulder
ppl	People

Q

qt

Cutie

R

re	Regarding
ROFL	Rolling on the floor laughing
ROTFL	Rolling on the floor laughing
RPG	Role Playing Game
RTFM	Read the flipping manual

S

SOS	Someone over shoulder
Sry	Sorry
sup	What's up

T

TBA	To be announced
TBC	To be continued
TBD	To be determined
TC	Take care
thx	Thanks
TIA	Thanks in advance
TLC	Tender love and care
TMI	Too much information
TTFN	Ta-ta for now
TTYL	Talk to you later
txt	Text
TY	Thank you

U

U2	You too
UR	Your

V

VM

Voicemail

W

W/	With
w/e	Whatever
w/o	Without
W8	Wait
WB	Write back

X

XOXO	Hugs and kisses

Y

Y	Why
YW	You're welcome

Z

ZZZ

Sleeping

Useful Inventors and Inventions

ANEMOMETER

The anemometer is a device that measures the speed of the wind (or other airflow, like in a wind tunnel). The first anemometer, a disc placed perpendicular to the wind, was invented in 1450 by the Italian architect Leon Battista Alberti. Robert Hooke, an English physicist, later reinvented the anemometer. In 1846, John Thomas Romney Robinson, an Irish physicist, invented the spinning-cup anemometer. In this device, cups are attached to a vertical shaft; when the cups spin in the wind, it causes a gear to turn. 

BAKELITE

Bakelite (also called catalin) is a plastic, a dense synthetic polymer (a phenolic resin) that was used to make jewelry, game pieces, engine parts, radio boxes, switches, and many, many other objects. Bakelite was the first industrial thermoset plastic (a material that does not change its shape after being mixed and heated). Bakelite plastic is made from carbolic acid (phenol) and formaldehyde, which are mixed, heated, and then either molded or extruded into the desired shape. 

BAROMETER

A barometer is a device that measures air (barometric) pressure. It measures the weight of the column of air that extends from the instrument to the top of the atmosphere. There are two types of barometers commonly used today, mercury and aneroid (meaning "fluidless"). Earlier water barometers (also known as "storm glasses") date from the 17th century. The mercury barometer was invented by the Italian physicist Evangelista Torricelli (1608 - 1647), a pupil of Galileo, in 1643. Torricelli inverted a glass tube filled with mercury into another container of mercury; the mercury in the tube "weighs" the air in the atmosphere above the tube. The aneroid barometer (using a spring balance instead of a liquid) was invented by the French scientist Lucien Vidie in 1843. 

BATTERY

A battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Each battery has two electrodes, an anode (the positive end) and a cathode (the negative end). An electrical circuit runs between these two electrodes, going through a chemical called an electrolyte (which can be either liquid or solid). This unit consisting of two electrodes is called a cell (often called a voltaic cell or pile). Batteries are used to power many devices and make the spark that starts a gasoline engine. 

Alessandro Volta was an Italian physicist invented the first chemical battery in 1800. 

BUNSEN BURNER

The laboratory Bunsen burner was invented by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen in 1855. Bunsen (1811-1899) was a German chemist and teacher. He invented the Bunsen burner for his research in isolating chemical substances - it has a high-intensity, non-luminous flame that does not interfere with the colored flame emitted by chemicals being tested. 

CASSEGRAIN TELESCOPE

A Cassegrain telescope is a wide-angle reflecting telescope with a concave mirror that receives light and focuses an image. A second mirror reflects the light through a gap in the primary mirror, allowing the eyepiece or camera to be mounted at the back end of the tube. The Cassegrain reflecting telescope was developed in 1672 by the French sculptor Sieur Guillaume Cassegrain. A correcting plate (a lens) was added in 1930 by the Estonian astronomer and lens-maker Bernard Schmidt (1879-1935), creating the Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope which minimized the spherical aberration of the Cassegrain telescope. 

CELLOPHANE

Cellophane is a thin, transparent, waterproof, protective film that is used in many types of packaging. It was invented in 1908 by Jacques Edwin Brandenberger, a Swiss chemist. He had originally intended cellophane to be bonded onto fabric to make a waterproof textile, but the new cloth was brittle and not useful. Cellophane proved very useful all alone as a packaging material. Chemists at the Dupont company (who later bought the rights to cellophane) made cellophane waterproof in 1927. 

CELSIUS, ANDERS

Anders Celsius (1701-1744) was a Swedish professor of astronomy who devised the Celsius thermometer. He also ventured to the far north of Sweden with an expedition in order to measure the length of a degree along a meridian, close to the pole, later comparing it with similar measurements made in the Southern Hemisphere. This confirmed that that the shape of the earth is an ellipsoid which is flattened at the poles. He also cataloged 300 stars. With his assistant Olof Hiorter, Celsius discovered the magnetic basis for auroras. 

COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

Zacharias Janssen was a Dutch lens-maker who invented the first compound microscope in 1595 (a compound microscope is one which has more than one lens). His microscope consisted of two tudes that slid within one another, and had a lens at each end. The microscope was focused by sliding the tubes. The lens in the eyepiece was bi-convex (bulging outwards on both sides), and the lens of the far end (the objective lens) was plano-convex (flat on one side and bulging outwards on the other side). This advanced microscope had a 3 to 9 times power of magnification. Zacharias Janssen's father Hans may have helped him build the microscope. 

FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN

Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706-April 17, 1790) was an American statesman, writer, printer, and inventor. Franklin experimented extensively with electricity. In 1752, his experiments with a kite in a thunderstorm (never do this, many people have died trying it!) led to the development of the lightning rod. Franklin started the first circulating library in the colonies in 1731. He also invented bifocal glasses and the Franklin stove. The idea of daylight savings time was first proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1784. 

GALILEI, GALILEO

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. Galileo found that the speed at which bodies fall does not depend on their weight and did extensive experimentation with pendulums. 

In 1593 Galileo invented the thermometer. 

GEIGER COUNTER

The Geiger counter (sometimes called the Geiger-Muller counter) is a device that detects ionizing radioactivity (including gamma rays and X-rays) - it counts the radioactive particle that pass through the device. The German nuclear physicist Hans Wilhelm Geiger (Sept. 30, 1882- Sept. 24, 1945) developed the device from 1908-12. At that time, Geiger was an assistant to the British physicist Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937). [Geiger's work helped Rutherford discover that radioactive elements can transform into other elements and that atoms have a nucleus]. In 1928, the Geiger counter was improved by the German physicist E. Walther Muller. 

GYROSCOPE

A gyroscope is essentially a spinning wheel set in a movable frame. When the wheel spins, it retains its spatial orientation, and it resists external forces applied to it. Gyroscopes are used in navigation instruments (for ships, planes, and rockets). Jean Bernard Léon Foucault (1819-1868), a French physicist, invented the gyroscope in 1852. 

KELVIN

Lord Kelvin (William Thomson, 1824 - 1907) designed the Kelvin scale, in which 0 K is defined as absolute zero and the size of one degree is the same as the size of one degree Celsius. Water freezes at 273.16 K; water boils at 373.16 K. 

NOBEL, ALFRED

Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833-1896) was a Swedish inventor and industrialist. Nobel invented many powerful and relatively safe explosives and explosive devices, including the "Nobel patent detonator" (it detonated nitroglycerin using a strong electrical shock instead of heat, 1863), dynamite (1867), blasting gelatin (guncotton plus nitroglycerin, 1875), and almost smokeless blasting powder (1887). Nobel also made inventions in the fields of electrochemistry, optics, biology, and physiology. Nobel left much of his fortune to award prizes (the Nobel prizes) each year to people who made advancements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology/Medicine, Literature, and Peace. 

PASTEUR, LOUIS

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) was a French chemist and inventor. Pasteur studied the process of fermentation, and postulated that fermentation was produced by microscopic organisms (other than yeast), which Pasteur called germs. He hypothesized that these germs might be responsible for some diseases. Pasteur disproved the notion of "spontaneous generation " which stated that organisms could spring from nothing; Pasteur showed that organisms came form other, pre-existing organisms. Applying his theories to foods and drinks, Pasteur invented a heating process (now called pasteurization) which sterilizes food, killing micro-organisms that contaminate it. 

RADIO TELESCOPE

A radio telescope is a metal dish that gathers radio waves from space. Radio astronomy involves exploring space by examining radio waves from outer space. Radio astronomy was pioneered by Karl G. Jansky, who in 1932 first detected radio waves from a cosmic source - in the central region of the Milky Way Galaxy. Gote Reber (a ham radio operator) made the first true radio telescope (using a 32-foot diameter parabolic dish to focus the radio waves) after reading of Jansky's discoveries. One example of a radio telescope is the Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico.

ROENTGEN, WILHELM VON 

X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Konrad von Roentgen (1845-1923). Roentgen was a German physicist who described this new form of radiation that allowed him to photograph objects that were hidden behind opaque shields. He even photographed part of his own skeleton. X-rays were soon used as an important diagnostic tool in medicine. Roentgen called these waves "X-radiation" because so little was known about them.

STEAM ENGINE

The steam engine was invented by Heron, an ancient Greek geometer and engineer from Alexandria. Heron lived during the first century AD and is sometimes called Hero. Heron made the steam engine as a toy, and called his device "aeolipile," which means "wind ball" in Greek. The steam was supplied by a sealed pot filled with water and placed over a fire. Two tubes came up from the pot, letting the steam flow into a spherical ball of metal. The metallic sphere had two curved outlet tubes, which vented steam. As the steam went through the series of tubes, the metal sphere rotated. The aeolipile is the first known device to transform steam power into rotary motion. The Greeks never used this remarkable device for anything but a novelty. A steam engine designed for work wasn't built until 1698 (built by the British inventor, Thomas Savery). Watt later improved the steam engine. 

TESLA, NIKOLA

Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) was a Serbian-American inventor who developed the radio, fluorescent lights, the Tesla coil (an air-core transformer that generates a huge voltage from high-frequency alternating current), remote-control devices, and many other inventions; Tesla held 111 patents. Tesla developed and promoted the uses of alternating current (as opposed to direct current, which was promoted fiercely by Thomas Edison and General Electric). Tesla briefly worked with Thomas Edison. The unit of magnetic induction is named for Tesla; a tesla (abbreviated T) is equal to one weber per square meter. 

VON ROENTGEN, WILHELM

X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Konrad von Roentgen (1845-1923). Roentgen was a German physicist who described this new form of radiation that allowed him to photograph objects that were hidden behind opaque shields. He even photographed part of his own skeleton. X-rays were soon used as an important diagnostic tool in medicine. Roentgen called these waves "X-radiation" because so little was known about them.

WATT, JAMES

James Watt (1736-1819) was a Scottish inventor and engineer. In 1765, Watt revolutionized the steam engine, redesigning it so that it was much more efficient and four times as powerful as the old Newcomen steam engines. Watt's engines did not waste steam (heat), and had a separate condenser. Watt partnered with the businessman and factory owner Matthew Boulton in 1772, helping to promote Watt's ideas commercially. Watt also invented a method for converting the up-and-down piston movement into rotary motion (the "sun-and-planet" gear), allowing a greater number of applications for the engine. Watt produced this rotary-motion steam engine in 1781; it was used for many applications, including draining mines, powering looms in textile factories, powering bellows, paper mills, etc. It helped power the Industrial Revolution. Watt coined the term "horsepower," which he used to convey the power of his engines; Watt calculated how many horses it would take to do the work of each engine. One horsepower equals 33,000 foot-pounds of work per minute; it is the power required to lift a total of 33,000 pounds one foot in one minute. Parliament granted Watt a patent on his steam engine in 1755, making Watt a very wealthy man. In 1882 (long after Watt's death), the British Association named the unit of electrical power the "watt." 

Last But Not Least

The One and Only

EDISON, THOMAS ALVA

Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) was an American inventor (also known as the Wizard of Menlo Park) whose many inventions revolutionized the world. His work includes improving the incandescent electric light bulb and inventing the phonograph, the phonograph record, the carbon telephone transmitter, and the motion-picture projector. 

Edison's first job was as a telegraph operator, and in the course of his duties, he redesigned the stock-ticker machine. The Edison Universal Stock Printer gave him the capital ($40,000) to set up a laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey, to invent full-time (with many employees). 

Edison experimented with thousands of different light bulb filaments to find just the right materials to glow well, be long-lasting, and be inexpensive. In 1879, Edison discovered that a carbon filament in an oxygen-free bulb glowed but did not burn up for quite a while. This incandescent bulb revolutionized the world.